Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

A water-soluble vitamin essential for energy production, vision, and cellular growth.

What is Riboflavin?

Riboflavin, known as Vitamin B2, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a key role in cellular energy production and antioxidant protection.

It is a precursor of important coenzymes.

History & Background

Riboflavin was discovered in the early 20th century and recognized as a critical nutrient for growth and metabolism.

Chemical Structure & Properties

• IUPAC name: 7,8-dimethyl-10-(1-D-ribityl)isoalloxazine
• Molecular formula: C₁₇H₂₀N₄O₆
• Molar mass: 376.36 g/mol
• Nature: Yellow crystalline compound

Mechanism of Action

Riboflavin functions by:

• Forming FAD and FMN coenzymes
• Participating in redox reactions
• Supporting cellular respiration

Health Benefits & Uses

• Energy metabolism
• Maintenance of healthy skin and eyes
• Red blood cell formation
• Antioxidant activity

Dosage Guidelines

Adults: 1.1–1.3 mg/day

Upper limit: Not established

⚠️ Excess riboflavin is excreted in urine.

Vitamin B2 Deficiency

• Cracks at corners of mouth
• Sore throat
• Glossitis
• Eye irritation

Side Effects

• Bright yellow urine
• No serious toxicity reported

Frequently Asked Questions

Is riboflavin water-soluble? – Yes.

Does it cause toxicity? – No.

Why urine turns yellow? – Excess excretion.

Is daily intake required? – Yes.

⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.