Folic Acid (Vitamin B9)

A vital B-complex vitamin essential for DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and fetal development.

What is Folic Acid?

Folic acid is the synthetic form of Vitamin B9, a water-soluble vitamin required for cell division and genetic material synthesis.

It is especially important during pregnancy.

History & Background

Folic acid was identified while studying nutritional causes of anemia and later found crucial in preventing neural tube defects.

Chemical Structure & Properties

• IUPAC name: (2S)-2-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}benzoyl)amino]pentanedioic acid
• Molecular formula: C₁₉H₁₉N₇O₆
• Molar mass: 441.40 g/mol
• Nature: Pteridine derivative

Mechanism of Action

Folic acid functions by:

• Participating in DNA and RNA synthesis
• Supporting red blood cell formation
• Reducing homocysteine levels

Health Benefits & Uses

• Prevention of neural tube defects
• Megaloblastic anemia
• Support during pregnancy
• Cardiovascular health support

Dosage Guidelines

Adults: 400 mcg/day

Pregnancy: 400–600 mcg/day

⚠️ Excess intake may mask vitamin B12 deficiency.

Vitamin B9 Deficiency

• Megaloblastic anemia
• Fatigue and weakness
• Mouth ulcers
• Birth defects in fetus

Side Effects

• Nausea (high doses)
• Bloating
• Sleep disturbances (rare)

Frequently Asked Questions

Is folic acid same as folate? – Synthetic form.

Is it important in pregnancy? – Yes.

Is it water-soluble? – Yes.

Can men take folic acid? – Yes.

⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.