Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)

A water-soluble vitamin essential for immunity, collagen synthesis, and antioxidant protection.

What is Ascorbic Acid?

Ascorbic acid, commonly known as Vitamin C, is an essential water-soluble vitamin required for growth, tissue repair, and immune function.

Humans cannot synthesize it and must obtain it from diet or supplements.

History & Background

Vitamin C was identified in the early 20th century during research on scurvy, a disease common among sailors due to vitamin deficiency.

Chemical Structure & Properties

• IUPAC name: (5R)-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one
• Molecular formula: C₆H₈O₆
• Molar mass: 176.12 g/mol
• Nature: Weak organic acid, antioxidant

Mechanism of Action

Ascorbic acid functions by:

• Neutralizing free radicals
• Enhancing collagen synthesis
• Improving iron absorption

Health Benefits & Uses

• Boosts immune system
• Prevents scurvy
• Promotes wound healing
• Improves iron absorption

Dosage Guidelines

Adults: 65–90 mg/day

Upper limit: 2000 mg/day

⚠️ Excess intake may cause gastrointestinal discomfort.

Vitamin C Deficiency

• Scurvy
• Bleeding gums
• Fatigue
• Poor wound healing

Side Effects

• Nausea
• Diarrhea (high doses)
• Abdominal cramps

Frequently Asked Questions

Is vitamin C water-soluble? – Yes.

Does it prevent cold? – Reduces severity, not prevention.

Is daily intake necessary? – Yes.

Can overdose be harmful? – Yes, at very high doses.

⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.