Urea

An essential biological waste product and widely used chemical in medicine, skincare, and agriculture.

What is Urea?

Urea is an organic compound formed in the liver as a waste product of protein metabolism. It is excreted by the kidneys in urine and helps remove excess nitrogen from the body.

It is also one of the most important industrial chemicals.

History & Background

Urea was the first organic compound synthesized artificially by Friedrich Wöhler in 1828, marking a major milestone in organic chemistry.

Chemical Structure & Properties

• Chemical formula: CH₄N₂O
• Molar mass: 60.06 g/mol
• Nature: White, crystalline solid
• Functional group: Amide

Role in the Human Body

Urea plays a role by:

• Eliminating excess nitrogen
• Maintaining nitrogen balance
• Reflecting kidney function (blood urea levels)

Uses of Urea

• Dermatological creams (moisturizer, keratolytic)
• Treatment of dry skin, eczema, psoriasis
• Fertilizer in agriculture
• Laboratory reagent

Medical & Skin Uses

• Hydration of skin (10–20% creams)
• Removal of thickened skin (40% preparations)
• Enhances penetration of other drugs

Side Effects

• Mild skin irritation
• Burning sensation (high concentration)
• Rare allergic reactions

Safety & Precautions

• For external use only (creams)
• Avoid broken skin unless advised
• Store away from moisture

Frequently Asked Questions

Is urea toxic? – No, at normal levels.

Is urea and urine same? – No, urea is a component.

Is urea used on skin? – Yes, widely.

Is urea organic? – Yes.

⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.