Serotonin

A key neurotransmitter responsible for mood balance, sleep, appetite, and emotional well-being.

What is Serotonin?

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter and hormone primarily found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets. It plays a vital role in regulating mood, sleep, appetite, and digestion.

It is often called the “feel-good chemical.”

History & Background

Serotonin was discovered in the mid-20th century while studying substances that caused blood vessel constriction and later identified as a neurotransmitter.

Chemical Structure & Properties

• IUPAC name: 3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol
• Molecular formula: C₁₀H₁₂N₂O
• Molar mass: 176.22 g/mol
• Class: Indoleamine neurotransmitter

Mechanism of Action

Serotonin works by:

• Binding to serotonin receptors (5-HT receptors)
• Regulating mood and emotional responses
• Influencing sleep-wake cycle

Functions in the Body

• Mood stabilization
• Sleep regulation
• Appetite control
• Digestive movement

Medical Relevance

• Target of antidepressant drugs (SSRIs)
• Involved in anxiety and depression
• Linked to migraine and gut disorders

Serotonin Imbalance

• Low levels: Depression, anxiety, insomnia
• High levels: Serotonin syndrome (medical emergency)

Serotonin Syndrome (Brief)

• High fever
• Agitation
• Rapid heart rate
• Muscle rigidity

Frequently Asked Questions

Is serotonin a hormone? – Yes, and a neurotransmitter.

Is it the happiness chemical? – It supports mood balance.

Can we take serotonin tablets? – No, indirectly via drugs.

Is serotonin linked to sleep? – Yes.

⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.