Nitroglycerin

A powerful vasodilator used in heart conditions and historically known for its explosive nature.

What is Nitroglycerin?

Nitroglycerin is an organic nitrate compound used medically as a vasodilator to relieve chest pain (angina) caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.

It is also historically famous as an explosive ingredient.

History & Background

Nitroglycerin was discovered in the 19th century. Alfred Nobel later used it to develop dynamite. Its medical use in angina was discovered later.

Chemical Structure & Properties

• IUPAC name: Propane-1,2,3-triyl trinitrate
• Molecular formula: C₃H₅N₃O₉
• Molar mass: 227.09 g/mol
• Class: Organic nitrate ester

Mechanism of Action

Nitroglycerin works by:

• Releasing nitric oxide (NO)
• Relaxing smooth muscle of blood vessels
• Dilating veins and arteries
• Reducing cardiac workload

Medical Uses

• Angina pectoris (chest pain)
• Acute coronary syndrome
• Heart failure (adjunct)
• Hypertensive emergencies

Dosage Forms

• Sublingual tablets
• Sprays
• Transdermal patches
• Intravenous infusion

⚠️ Must be used exactly as prescribed.

Side Effects

• Headache (very common)
• Dizziness
• Low blood pressure
• Flushing

Warnings & Precautions

• Do not combine with sildenafil (Viagra)
• Risk of severe hypotension
• Tolerance may develop

Frequently Asked Questions

Is nitroglycerin explosive? – Yes, industrially.

Is it safe medically? – Yes, under supervision.

Why headache occurs? – Blood vessel dilation.

Is it for heart pain? – Yes.

⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.