Lidocaine

A widely used local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug that blocks nerve pain signals.

What is Lidocaine?

Lidocaine is a local anesthetic belonging to the amide class. It is used to temporarily numb tissue and to treat certain abnormal heart rhythms.

It is one of the most commonly used anesthetics worldwide.

History & Background

Lidocaine was first synthesized in the 1940s and quickly replaced older anesthetics due to its rapid onset and improved safety.

Chemical Structure & Properties

• IUPAC name: 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide
• Molecular formula: C₁₄H₂₂N₂O
• Molar mass: 234.34 g/mol
• Class: Amide local anesthetic

Mechanism of Action

Lidocaine works by:

• Blocking voltage-gated sodium channels
• Preventing nerve impulse conduction
• Producing reversible loss of sensation

Medical Uses

• Local and regional anesthesia
• Dental procedures
• Minor surgical procedures
• Treatment of ventricular arrhythmias

Dosage Forms

• Injection (local anesthesia)
• Topical gels and sprays
• Patches (neuropathic pain)

⚠️ Dosage depends on route and must be medically supervised.

Side Effects

• Dizziness
• Numbness beyond target area
• Rare seizures (overdose)
• Cardiac effects (high doses)

Warnings & Precautions

• Avoid excessive dosing
• Use caution in liver disease
• Monitor cardiac function

Frequently Asked Questions

Is lidocaine a painkiller? – It numbs pain locally.

Is it addictive? – No.

How long does it last? – 1–2 hours (local use).

Is it safe? – Yes, when used properly.

⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.