Codeine

A mild opioid used medically for pain relief and suppression of cough.

What is Codeine?

Codeine is a naturally occurring opioid alkaloid derived from opium poppy. It is less potent than morphine and is commonly used for mild to moderate pain and as an antitussive.

In the body, codeine is partially converted to morphine.

History & Background

Codeine was isolated in the 19th century and quickly adopted in medicine for its pain-relieving and cough-suppressing properties.

Chemical Structure & Properties

• IUPAC name: (5α,6α)-7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-ol
• Molecular formula: C₁₈H₂₁NO₃
• Molar mass: 299.36 g/mol
• Class: Opioid alkaloid

Mechanism of Action

Codeine works by:

• Binding to μ-opioid receptors
• Reducing perception of pain
• Suppressing cough reflex in the brain

Medical Uses

• Mild to moderate pain
• Dry cough suppression
• Combination analgesic formulations

Dosage & Administration

Adults: 15–60 mg every 4–6 hours
Maximum: As prescribed by doctor

⚠️ Risk of respiratory depression at high doses.

Side Effects

• Drowsiness
• Constipation
• Nausea
• Dizziness

Dependence & Abuse Potential

Codeine can cause physical dependence and misuse if taken for prolonged periods or in high doses.

Warnings & Precautions

• Avoid alcohol and sedatives
• Use cautiously in children
• Contraindicated in respiratory disorders

Frequently Asked Questions

Is codeine an opioid? – Yes.

Is it stronger than morphine? – No.

Is it used for cough? – Yes.

Is it addictive? – Yes.

⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.