Adrenaline (Epinephrine)

A life-saving hormone and neurotransmitter responsible for the body’s fight-or-flight response.

What is Adrenaline?

Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and neurotransmitter produced by the adrenal glands. It prepares the body to respond to stress or emergency situations.

It plays a critical role in survival responses.

History & Background

Adrenaline was discovered in the early 20th century and became one of the first hormones to be isolated and used therapeutically.

Chemical Structure & Properties

• IUPAC name: (R)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl)benzene-1,2-diol
• Molecular formula: C₉H₁₃NO₃
• Molar mass: 183.20 g/mol
• Class: Catecholamine

Mechanism of Action

Adrenaline works by:

• Stimulating alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
• Increasing heart rate and blood pressure
• Dilating airways and pupils

Medical Uses

• Anaphylactic shock (life-saving)
• Cardiac arrest
• Severe asthma attacks
• Added to local anesthetics

Dosage Forms

• Injection (IM / IV)
• Auto-injector (EpiPen)

⚠️ Use only under medical guidance except emergency auto-injectors.

Side Effects

• Rapid heartbeat
• Anxiety and tremors
• Headache
• High blood pressure

Warnings & Precautions

• Use cautiously in heart disease
• Overdose may cause arrhythmias
• Strict dosing required

Frequently Asked Questions

Is adrenaline a hormone? – Yes.

Is it life-saving? – Absolutely.

Is adrenaline and epinephrine same? – Yes.

Is it used daily? – Only in emergencies.

⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.