Chlorhexidine

A broad-spectrum antiseptic widely used for skin disinfection and oral hygiene.

What is Chlorhexidine?

Chlorhexidine is a bisbiguanide antiseptic used to disinfect skin, surgical sites, wounds, and the oral cavity.

It has prolonged antimicrobial action due to residual binding on skin.

History & Background

Chlorhexidine was developed in the 1950s and quickly became popular due to its broad antimicrobial spectrum and long-lasting effect.

Chemical Structure & Properties

• IUPAC name: 1,1'-hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide]
• Molecular formula: C₂₂H₃₀Cl₂N₁₀
• Molar mass: 505.44 g/mol
• Functional groups: Biguanide groups

Mechanism of Action

Chlorhexidine exerts its antiseptic effect by:

• Disrupting bacterial cell membranes
• Precipitating cellular proteins
• Causing leakage of intracellular components

Medical & First Aid Uses

• Skin and wound disinfection
• Pre-operative skin preparation
• Hand antisepsis in healthcare
• Mouthwash for gingivitis

How to Use

Apply diluted chlorhexidine solution to the affected area or use as directed. Avoid contact with eyes and ears.

Side Effects

• Skin irritation
• Dryness
• Tooth staining (oral use)

Warnings & Precautions

• Do not use in eyes or middle ear
• Rare but serious allergic reactions reported
• Avoid prolonged oral use

Frequently Asked Questions

Is chlorhexidine an antibiotic? – No, it is an antiseptic.

Does it kill viruses? – Yes, enveloped viruses.

Is it safe on skin? – Yes.

Can it be used daily? – Short-term use preferred.

⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.