Ofloxacin

A fluoroquinolone antibiotic effective against a wide range of bacterial infections.

What is Ofloxacin?

Ofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections affecting the respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin, and gastrointestinal system.

It is the racemic mixture related to levofloxacin.

History & Background

Ofloxacin was developed as a second-generation fluoroquinolone with improved antibacterial activity and good tissue penetration.

Chemical Structure & Properties

• IUPAC name: (±)-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de][1,4]benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid
• Molecular formula: C₁₈H₂₀FN₃O₄
• Molar mass: 361.37 g/mol
• Functional groups: Fluoroquinolone core, carboxylic acid

Mechanism of Action

Ofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis by:

• Blocking DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II)
• Inhibiting topoisomerase IV
• Preventing bacterial replication

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Excellent oral absorption
• Peak plasma time: 1–2 hours
• Bioavailability: ~95%
• Half-life: 5–7 hours
• Excretion: Urine (mostly unchanged)

Medical Uses

• Urinary tract infections
• Respiratory tract infections
• Gastrointestinal infections
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Sexually transmitted infections

Dosage Guidelines

Adults: 200–400 mg once or twice daily

Severe infections: As prescribed

⚠️ Avoid unnecessary prolonged use.

Side Effects

• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Tendon inflammation (rare)

Warnings & Precautions

• Risk of tendon rupture
• Avoid in pregnancy and children if possible
• Use cautiously in epilepsy

Drug Interactions

• Antacids and iron supplements
• Theophylline
• NSAIDs (increased seizure risk)

Frequently Asked Questions

Is ofloxacin similar to ciprofloxacin? – Yes.

Can it treat viral infections? – No.

Is it safe long-term? – Short-term preferred.

Is it strong? – Yes, broad-spectrum.

⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.