Enalapril
An ACE inhibitor used to treat hypertension and heart failure.
What is Enalapril?
Enalapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used to manage high blood pressure and heart failure.
It reduces blood pressure by preventing the formation of angiotensin II.
History & Background
Enalapril was among the first orally active ACE inhibitors and helped establish ACE inhibition as a cornerstone therapy in cardiovascular disease.
Chemical Structure & Properties
- IUPAC name: (S)-1-[N-[1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl]-L-proline
- Molecular formula: C₂₀H₂₈N₂O₅
- Molar mass: 376.45 g/mol
- Functional groups: Ester, amide, carboxylic acid
Mechanism of Action
Enalapril lowers blood pressure by:
- Inhibiting ACE enzyme
- Reducing angiotensin II formation
- Decreasing aldosterone secretion
- Promoting vasodilation
Pharmacokinetics
- Prodrug: Converted to enalaprilat
- Absorption: Good oral absorption
- Peak plasma time: 3–4 hours
- Half-life: ~11 hours (enalaprilat)
- Excretion: Urine
Medical Uses
- Hypertension
- Heart failure
- Asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction
- Post-myocardial infarction
Dosage Guidelines
Adults: 5–40 mg/day in one or two doses
Initial dose: 5 mg once daily
⚠️ Monitor blood pressure, kidney function, and potassium.
Side Effects
- Dry cough
- Dizziness
- Hyperkalemia
- Hypotension
Warnings & Precautions
- Contraindicated in pregnancy
- Risk of angioedema
- Use caution in renal artery stenosis
Drug Interactions
- Potassium supplements
- Potassium-sparing diuretics
- NSAIDs
Frequently Asked Questions
Does enalapril cause cough? – Yes, in some patients.
Is it kidney-protective? – Yes.
Is it safe long-term? – Yes, with monitoring.
Can diabetics use it? – Yes.
⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.