Glimepiride

A third-generation sulfonylurea that stimulates insulin secretion.

What is Glimepiride?

Glimepiride is a sulfonylurea antidiabetic drug used to control blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes.

It works by increasing insulin release from the pancreas.

History & Background

Glimepiride was developed as a newer sulfonylurea with a lower risk of hypoglycemia compared to older agents.

Chemical Structure & Properties

• IUPAC name: 3-ethyl-2,5-dihydro-4-methyl-N-[2-[4-[(4-methylcyclohexyl)carbamoylsulfamoyl]phenyl]ethyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-carboxamide
• Molecular formula: C₂₄H₃₄N₄O₅S
• Molar mass: 490.62 g/mol
• Functional groups: Sulfonylurea

Mechanism of Action

Glimepiride lowers blood glucose by:

• Stimulating insulin secretion from β-cells
• Closing ATP-sensitive potassium channels
• Enhancing insulin sensitivity

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Complete oral absorption
• Peak plasma time: 2–3 hours
• Metabolism: Liver (CYP2C9)
• Half-life: ~5–8 hours
• Excretion: Urine and bile

Medical Uses

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Combination therapy with metformin or insulin

Dosage Guidelines

Adults: 1–4 mg once daily (max 8 mg)

Timing: Before or with first main meal

⚠️ Risk of hypoglycemia if meals are skipped.

Side Effects

• Hypoglycemia
• Weight gain
• Nausea
• Dizziness

Warnings & Precautions

• Avoid skipping meals
• Use caution in elderly patients
• Adjust dose in liver and kidney disease

Drug Interactions

• Alcohol (↑ hypoglycemia risk)
• Beta-blockers
• NSAIDs

Frequently Asked Questions

Does glimepiride cause hypoglycemia? – Yes.

Is it safe long-term? – Yes, with monitoring.

Can it be combined with metformin? – Yes.

Does it cause weight gain? – Possible.

⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.