Glibenclamide

A second-generation sulfonylurea used to control blood glucose in type 2 diabetes.

What is Glibenclamide?

Glibenclamide is a sulfonylurea antidiabetic drug used to lower blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

It works by stimulating insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells.

History & Background

Glibenclamide has been widely prescribed for decades and is known for its strong glucose-lowering effect, though with a higher risk of hypoglycemia compared to newer agents.

Chemical Structure & Properties

• IUPAC name: 5-chloro-N-[2-[4-[(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl]phenyl]ethyl]-2-methoxybenzamide
• Molecular formula: C₂₃H₂₈ClN₃O₅S
• Molar mass: 494.00 g/mol
• Functional groups: Sulfonylurea, amide

Mechanism of Action

Glibenclamide lowers blood glucose by:

• Closing ATP-sensitive potassium channels in β-cells
• Depolarizing the cell membrane
• Increasing insulin release

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Good oral absorption
• Peak plasma time: 2–4 hours
• Metabolism: Liver (CYP enzymes)
• Half-life: ~10 hours
• Excretion: Urine and bile

Medical Uses

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Combination therapy with metformin

Dosage Guidelines

Adults: 2.5–10 mg once or twice daily

Max dose: 20 mg/day

⚠️ High risk of hypoglycemia, especially in elderly patients.

Side Effects

• Hypoglycemia
• Weight gain
• Nausea
• Skin rash

Warnings & Precautions

• Avoid skipping meals
• Use cautiously in kidney disease
• Not preferred in elderly patients

Drug Interactions

• Alcohol
• Beta-blockers
• NSAIDs

Frequently Asked Questions

Is glibenclamide strong? – Yes.

Does it cause hypoglycemia? – Common.

Is it safe for elderly? – Use with caution.

Can it be combined with insulin? – Sometimes.

⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.