Dapagliflozin

An SGLT2 inhibitor that lowers blood glucose and protects the heart and kidneys.

What is Dapagliflozin?

Dapagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

It lowers blood glucose by increasing urinary glucose excretion.

History & Background

Dapagliflozin was one of the first SGLT2 inhibitors introduced, showing significant cardiovascular and renal protective benefits.

Chemical Structure & Properties

• IUPAC name: (2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[4-chloro-3-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]phenyl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol
• Molecular formula: C₂₁H₂₅ClO₆
• Molar mass: 408.87 g/mol
• Functional groups: Glucoside, aromatic ring

Mechanism of Action

Dapagliflozin reduces blood glucose by:

• Inhibiting SGLT2 in renal proximal tubules
• Reducing glucose reabsorption
• Increasing urinary glucose excretion

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Rapid oral absorption
• Peak plasma time: 1–2 hours
• Half-life: ~13 hours
• Metabolism: Hepatic (UGT1A9)
• Excretion: Urine and feces

Medical Uses

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Heart failure (reduced ejection fraction)
• Chronic kidney disease

Dosage Guidelines

Adults: 10 mg once daily

With or without food

⚠️ Maintain adequate hydration.

Side Effects

• Genital fungal infections
• Urinary tract infections
• Increased urination
• Dehydration

Warnings & Precautions

• Risk of diabetic ketoacidosis
• Avoid in severe renal impairment
• Monitor blood pressure

Drug Interactions

• Diuretics (↑ dehydration risk)
• Insulin and sulfonylureas

Frequently Asked Questions

Does dapagliflozin cause hypoglycemia? – Rare alone.

Does it help heart failure? – Yes.

Does it cause weight loss? – Mild.

Is it safe long-term? – Yes, with monitoring.

⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.