Pseudoephedrine

A powerful nasal decongestant used to relieve blocked nose and sinus pressure.

What is Pseudoephedrine?

Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug commonly used as a nasal decongestant in the treatment of cold, flu, sinusitis, and allergic rhinitis.

It works by reducing swelling and congestion in the nasal passages, allowing easier breathing.

History & Background

Pseudoephedrine has been used for decades as one of the most effective oral decongestants. Due to its potential misuse in illicit drug synthesis, its sale is regulated in many countries.

Chemical Structure & Properties

• IUPAC name: (1S,2S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol
• Molecular formula: C₁₀H₁₅NO
• Molar mass: 165.23 g/mol
• Functional groups: Secondary amine, alcohol, aromatic ring

The stereochemistry of pseudoephedrine contributes to its strong vasoconstrictive activity.

Mechanism of Action

Pseudoephedrine stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in the nasal blood vessels, leading to:

• Vasoconstriction
• Reduced nasal swelling
• Relief from sinus pressure

It also has mild beta-adrenergic effects, increasing alertness.

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Good oral absorption
• Peak plasma time: 1–3 hours
• Metabolism: Minimal hepatic metabolism
• Half-life: 5–8 hours
• Excretion: Urine (mostly unchanged)

Medical Uses

• Nasal congestion
• Sinusitis
• Common cold
• Allergic rhinitis
• Eustachian tube congestion

Dosage Guidelines

Adults: 60 mg every 4–6 hours

Extended-release: 120 mg every 12 hours

⚠️ Do not exceed 240 mg/day.

Side Effects

• Increased heart rate
• Elevated blood pressure
• Restlessness
• Insomnia

Warnings & Precautions

• Not recommended in uncontrolled hypertension
• Use caution in heart disease
• Avoid late-night dosing

Drug Interactions

• MAO inhibitors
• Other stimulants
• Blood pressure medicines

Pseudoephedrine vs Phenylephrine

Pseudoephedrine is more effective for congestion, while phenylephrine is milder but more widely available.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is pseudoephedrine an antibiotic? – No.

Why is it regulated? – Due to misuse potential.

Does it cause sleep? – No, it may cause alertness.

Can BP patients take it? – Only with doctor advice.

⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.