Guaifenesin

An expectorant that helps loosen mucus and clear chest congestion.

What is Guaifenesin?

Guaifenesin is an expectorant commonly used in cough and cold medications to help loosen and thin mucus in the airways.

This makes coughing more productive and helps clear chest congestion.

History & Background

Guaifenesin was originally derived from the guaiac tree. It has been used for decades as a safe and effective agent for relieving chest congestion.

Chemical Structure & Properties

• IUPAC name: 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane-1,2-diol
• Molecular formula: C₁₀H₁₄O₄
• Molar mass: 198.21 g/mol
• Functional groups: Ether, diol, aromatic ring

Mechanism of Action

Guaifenesin works by:

• Increasing hydration of respiratory secretions
• Reducing mucus viscosity
• Enhancing mucociliary clearance

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Rapid oral absorption
• Peak plasma time: ~1 hour
• Metabolism: Liver
• Half-life: ~1 hour
• Excretion: Urine

Medical Uses

• Chest congestion
• Productive cough
• Bronchitis
• Upper respiratory infections

Dosage Guidelines

Adults: 200–400 mg every 4 hours

Extended-release: 600–1200 mg every 12 hours

⚠️ Do not exceed 2400 mg/day.

Side Effects

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Dizziness
• Headache

Warnings & Precautions

• Drink plenty of fluids
• Avoid in persistent cough without diagnosis
• Consult doctor if symptoms last >7 days

Drug Interactions

Guaifenesin has minimal drug interactions and is generally safe with most cold medications.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is guaifenesin a cough suppressant? – No, it is an expectorant.

Can it be taken with DXM? – Yes, commonly combined.

Does it cause sleep? – No.

Is it safe long-term? – Short-term use is recommended.

⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.