Sertraline

A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used for depression and anxiety disorders.

What is Sertraline?

Sertraline is an SSRI antidepressant commonly prescribed for major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).

It improves mood by increasing serotonin levels in the brain.

History & Background

Sertraline gained widespread acceptance due to its effectiveness, good tolerability, and relatively favorable side-effect profile.

Chemical Structure & Properties

• IUPAC name: (1S,4S)-4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-1-naphthalenamine
• Molecular formula: C₁₇H₁₇Cl₂N
• Molar mass: 306.23 g/mol
• Functional groups: Secondary amine, aromatic rings

Mechanism of Action

Sertraline works by:

• Inhibiting serotonin reuptake
• Increasing serotonin availability at synapses
• Stabilizing mood and anxiety levels

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Slow but complete oral absorption
• Peak plasma time: 4–8 hours
• Half-life: ~26 hours
• Metabolism: Liver (CYP enzymes)
• Excretion: Urine and feces

Medical Uses

• Major depressive disorder
• Obsessive–compulsive disorder
• Panic disorder
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Social anxiety disorder

Dosage Guidelines

Adults: 50–200 mg once daily

Starting dose: 50 mg daily

⚠️ Therapeutic effects may take 2–4 weeks.

Side Effects

• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Insomnia
• Sexual dysfunction

Warnings & Precautions

• Risk of serotonin syndrome
• Use caution in bipolar disorder
• Do not combine with MAO inhibitors

Drug Interactions

• MAO inhibitors
• Other SSRIs or SNRIs
• Tramadol

Frequently Asked Questions

Is sertraline addictive? – No.

Does it cause sleep? – May cause insomnia initially.

Is it safe long-term? – Yes.

When does it start working? – 2–4 weeks.

⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.