Imipramine

A tricyclic antidepressant used for depression, anxiety, and childhood enuresis.

What is Imipramine?

Imipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that increases serotonin and norepinephrine levels in the brain.

It is also used in children to treat bedwetting (nocturnal enuresis).

History & Background

Imipramine was one of the first antidepressants discovered and played a key role in shaping modern psychopharmacology.

Chemical Structure & Properties

• IUPAC name: 3-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine
• Molecular formula: C₁₉H₂₄N₂
• Molar mass: 280.41 g/mol
• Functional groups: Tertiary amine, tricyclic ring system

Mechanism of Action

Imipramine works by:

• Inhibiting serotonin reuptake
• Inhibiting norepinephrine reuptake
• Enhancing mood and emotional stability

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Well absorbed orally
• Peak plasma time: 1–4 hours
• Half-life: 8–20 hours
• Metabolism: Liver (active metabolite: desipramine)
• Excretion: Urine

Medical Uses

• Major depressive disorder
• Anxiety disorders
• Nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting)
• Chronic pain syndromes

Dosage Guidelines

Depression: 75–200 mg/day in divided doses

Enuresis (children): 25–75 mg at bedtime

⚠️ Start with low doses and increase gradually.

Side Effects

• Drowsiness
• Dry mouth
• Constipation
• Blurred vision

Warnings & Precautions

• Risk of cardiac arrhythmias
• Avoid overdose
• Use caution in elderly patients

Drug Interactions

• MAO inhibitors
• Alcohol
• Other antidepressants

Frequently Asked Questions

Is imipramine still used? – Yes.

Is it for bedwetting? – Yes.

Is it addictive? – No.

Is it safe long-term? – Yes, with monitoring.

⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.