Fluoxetine

A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used to treat depression and anxiety disorders.

What is Fluoxetine?

Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly prescribed for depression, anxiety disorders, and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).

It works by increasing serotonin levels in the brain.

History & Background

Fluoxetine was the first widely successful SSRI and revolutionized the treatment of depression due to its improved safety profile.

Chemical Structure & Properties

• IUPAC name: (±)-N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine
• Molecular formula: C₁₇H₁₈F₃NO
• Molar mass: 309.33 g/mol
• Functional groups: Secondary amine, aromatic rings

Mechanism of Action

Fluoxetine acts by:

• Inhibiting serotonin reuptake
• Increasing serotonin availability in synapses
• Improving mood and emotional balance

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Well absorbed orally
• Peak plasma time: 6–8 hours
• Half-life: 2–4 days (norfluoxetine: up to 16 days)
• Metabolism: Liver (CYP2D6)
• Excretion: Urine

Medical Uses

• Major depressive disorder
• Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD)
• Panic disorder
• Bulimia nervosa

Dosage Guidelines

Adults: 20–60 mg once daily

Starting dose: 20 mg daily

⚠️ Full therapeutic effect may take 2–4 weeks.

Side Effects

• Nausea
• Insomnia
• Headache
• Sexual dysfunction

Warnings & Precautions

• Risk of serotonin syndrome
• Use caution in bipolar disorder
• Do not combine with MAO inhibitors

Drug Interactions

• MAO inhibitors
• Other antidepressants
• Tramadol

Frequently Asked Questions

Is fluoxetine addictive? – No.

Does it cause sleep? – Usually causes alertness.

Is it safe long-term? – Yes.

When does it start working? – 2–4 weeks.

⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.