Diazepam

A benzodiazepine used for anxiety relief, muscle relaxation, seizures, and sleep disorders.

What is Diazepam?

Diazepam is a benzodiazepine medication that acts on the central nervous system to produce calming, sedative, muscle-relaxant, and anticonvulsant effects.

History & Background

Diazepam was introduced in the 1960s and quickly became one of the most widely prescribed psychoactive drugs due to its effectiveness and versatility.

Chemical Structure & Properties

• IUPAC name: 7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
• Molecular formula: C₁₆H₁₃ClN₂O
• Molar mass: 284.74 g/mol
• Functional groups: Benzodiazepine ring, ketone, aromatic rings

Mechanism of Action

Diazepam enhances the effect of GABA by:

• Increasing GABA-A receptor activity
• Increasing chloride ion influx
• Reducing neuronal excitability

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Rapid oral absorption
• Peak plasma time: 1–2 hours
• Half-life: 20–50 hours
• Metabolism: Liver (active metabolites)
• Excretion: Urine

Medical Uses

• Anxiety disorders
• Insomnia (short-term)
• Muscle spasms
• Status epilepticus
• Alcohol withdrawal

Dosage Guidelines

Adults: 2–10 mg, 2–4 times daily (varies by indication)

⚠️ Use lowest effective dose for shortest duration.

Side Effects

• Drowsiness
• Dizziness
• Muscle weakness
• Memory impairment

Warnings & Precautions

• Risk of dependence and tolerance
• Avoid alcohol
• Do not stop abruptly

Drug Interactions

• Alcohol
• Opioids
• Other sedatives

Frequently Asked Questions

Is diazepam addictive? – Yes, if misused.

Does it help sleep? – Short-term only.

Is it a muscle relaxant? – Yes.

Is it safe long-term? – Not recommended.

⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.