Clonazepam

A long-acting benzodiazepine used for seizure control and panic disorders.

What is Clonazepam?

Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine medication that acts on the central nervous system to produce anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and sedative effects.

History & Background

Clonazepam was developed for epilepsy management and later found effective in panic and anxiety disorders due to its long duration of action.

Chemical Structure & Properties

• IUPAC name: 5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
• Molecular formula: C₁₅H₁₀ClN₃O₃
• Molar mass: 315.71 g/mol
• Functional groups: Benzodiazepine ring, nitro group

Mechanism of Action

Clonazepam enhances inhibitory neurotransmission by:

• Potentiating GABA-A receptor activity
• Increasing chloride ion conductance
• Suppressing abnormal neuronal firing

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Rapid oral absorption
• Peak plasma time: 1–4 hours
• Half-life: 18–50 hours
• Metabolism: Liver
• Excretion: Urine

Medical Uses

• Epilepsy and seizure disorders
• Panic disorder
• Anxiety disorders
• Movement disorders

Dosage Guidelines

Adults: 0.25–2 mg/day in divided doses

⚠️ Long-term use may cause dependence.

Side Effects

• Drowsiness
• Dizziness
• Impaired coordination
• Memory problems

Warnings & Precautions

• Risk of dependence
• Avoid alcohol
• Do not stop abruptly

Drug Interactions

• Alcohol
• Opioids
• Other sedatives

Frequently Asked Questions

Is clonazepam for epilepsy? – Yes.

Is it long-acting? – Yes.

Is it addictive? – Yes, with misuse.

Can it be used long-term? – Only under medical supervision.

⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.