Alprazolam

A fast-acting benzodiazepine commonly prescribed for anxiety and panic disorders.

What is Alprazolam?

Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine that acts on the central nervous system to reduce anxiety, panic, and excessive nervous activity.

It is known for its rapid onset of action.

History & Background

Alprazolam became widely used due to its effectiveness in treating panic disorder and acute anxiety episodes.

Chemical Structure & Properties

• IUPAC name: 8-chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine
• Molecular formula: C₁₇H₁₃ClN₄
• Molar mass: 308.76 g/mol
• Functional groups: Triazole ring, benzodiazepine ring

Mechanism of Action

Alprazolam enhances the effect of GABA by:

• Binding to GABA-A receptors
• Increasing chloride ion influx
• Reducing neuronal firing

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Rapid oral absorption
• Peak plasma time: 1–2 hours
• Half-life: 11–15 hours
• Metabolism: Liver (CYP3A4)
• Excretion: Urine

Medical Uses

• Generalized anxiety disorder
• Panic disorder
• Anxiety associated with depression

Dosage Guidelines

Adults: 0.25–0.5 mg, 2–3 times daily

⚠️ Short-term use only. Risk of dependence.

Side Effects

• Drowsiness
• Dizziness
• Memory impairment
• Dependence

Warnings & Precautions

• High addiction potential
• Avoid alcohol
• Do not stop abruptly

Drug Interactions

• Alcohol
• Opioids
• Other sedatives

Frequently Asked Questions

Is alprazolam addictive? – Yes.

Does it work fast? – Yes.

Can it be used daily? – Short-term only.

Is it a sleeping pill? – Not primarily.

⚠️ Educational content only. Not a substitute for professional medical advice.